Recently I shared with you Nina Planck's top fertility boosting foods from her inspiring book "RealFood for Mother and Baby" http://hudakholistichealth.blogspot.com/2012/10/healthy-pregnancy-fertility-nutrients.html. I like Nina's perspective on incorporating traditional foods such as red meat, fish, eggs, and even raw-milk cheese and raw milk into our diets. I've taken much of Nina's suggestions to heart and have incorporated them into my own fertility diet.
So, what exactly is a fertility diet? For me, it was pretty close to the way I was eating prior to trying to conceive - an organic, nutrient dense, whole foods diet. A fertility diet includes foods which are dense in specific nutrients needed for hormonal function, production and balance, fetal development, egg health, sperm health, blood health, and much more. It is a diet designed to support your body to balance fertility issues that may exist, build up nutrient stores, and provide all of the building blocks for a healthy child.
When the body is optimally nourished, it is then able to repair and rebuild itself. This is very helpful for fertility, especially if there is an underlying imbalance or fertility issue. Did you know that the foods you eat today impact the health of your eggs and sperm 90 days from now? This is a time for nourishing and providing building blocks for your body in preparation for conception. The foods that should be focused on help to provide the following:
Macronutrients
Fats: A wide variety of fats are very important for fertility and the development of the fetus. Not only are essential fatty acids important, but saturated fats and cholesterol are important as well. Cholesterol is a pre-curser to all hormones produced in the body. Just make sure it is from the right foods like coconut oil, grass-fed meats, fish, nuts and seeds and avoid hydrogenated oils and vegetable oils cooked at high heat.
Proteins: Eating healthy amounts of protein from a wide variety of sources is an important part of a healthy fertility diet as amino acids are the building blocks for cells in the body. Make sure to include both animal sources and vegetable sources of protein daily.
Fiber: Fiber helps assist the body in getting rid of excess estrogen and xenohormones in the system and keeps your digestive tract functioning properly.
Vitamin D: Vitamin D is needed to help the body create sex hormones, which in turn affects ovulation and hormonal balance. Yale University School of Medicine conducted a study of 67 infertile women, where it was discovered that a mere 7% had normal Vitamin D levels. Food Sources: Eggs, fatty fish, dairy and cod liver oil. You can also get vitamin D from sitting out in the sun for 15 to 20 minutes per day.
Vitamin E: The meaning of the name for vitamin E ‘Tocopherol’ literally means to bear young. Vitamin E has been shown in studies to improve sperm health and motility in men, and is also an important antioxidant to help protect sperm and egg DNA integrity. Food sources: Sunflower seeds, almonds, olives, spinach, papaya, and dark leafy greens.
CoQ10: Necessary for every cell in the body having energy to function, CoQ10 has also been shown to increase sperm motility in semen. It is an important antioxidant that helps protect cells from free radical damage, which may impact egg health. Amounts in the body decline with age. Food sources: Found in seafood and organ meats.
Vitamin C: Vitamin C improves hormone levels and increases fertility in women with luteal phase defect, according to a study published in “Fertility and Sterility”. As for men, vitamin C has been shown to improve sperm quality and protect sperm from DNA damage; helping to reduce the chance of miscarriage and chromosomal problems. Vitamin C also appears to keep sperm from clumping together, making them more motile. Food sources: Abundant in plants and fruits including red peppers, broccoli, cranberries, cabbage, potatoes, tomatoes, and citrus fruit.
Lipoic Acid: Lipoic acid is a very important antioxidant because it not only helps to protect the female reproductive organs and has been shown to improve sperm quality and motility, but it also helps the body to continually re-use the antioxidants in the body. Food sources: In small amounts found in potatoes, spinach and red meat.
Lipoic Acid: Lipoic acid is a very important antioxidant because it not only helps to protect the female reproductive organs and has been shown to improve sperm quality and motility, but it also helps the body to continually re-use the antioxidants in the body. Food sources: In small amounts found in potatoes, spinach and red meat.
B6: Vitamin B6 may be used as a hormone regulator. It also helps to regulate blood sugars, alleviates PMS, and may be useful in relieving symptoms of morning sickness. B6 has also been shown to help with Luteal Phase Defect. Food sources: Tuna, banana, turkey, liver, salmon, cod, spinach, bell peppers, turnip greens, collard greens, garlic, cauliflower, mustard greens, celery, cabbage, asparagus, broccoli, kale, Brussels sprouts, and chard.
B12: Vitamin B12 has been shown to improve sperm quality and production. It also may help to boost the endometrium lining in egg fertilization, decreasing the chances of miscarriage. Some studies have found that a deficiency of B12 may increase the chances of irregular ovulation, and in severe cases stop ovulation altogether. Food sources: Clams, oysters, muscles, liver, caviar, fish, crab, lobster, beef, lamb, cheese, and eggs.
Folic Acid: This vitamin helps prevent neural tube defects, as well as congenital heart defects, cleft lips, limb defects, and urinary tract anomalies in developing fetuses. Deficiency in folic acid may increase the risk of going into preterm delivery, infant low birth weight and fetal growth retardation. Deficiency may also increase the homocysteine level in the blood, which can lead to spontaneous abortion and pregnancy complications, such as placental abruption and pre-eclampsia. Food sources: liver, lentils, pinto beans, garbanzo beans, asparagus, spinach, black beans, navy beans, kidney beans, and collard greens.
Iron: Studies have shown that women who do not get sufficient amounts of iron may suffer anovulation (lack of ovulation) and possibly poor egg health, which can inhibit pregnancy at a rate 60% higher than those with sufficient iron stores in their blood. Food sources: Lentils, spinach, sesame seeds, kidney beans, pumpkin seeds (raw), venison, garbanzo beans, navy beans, molasses, and beef.
Selenium: An antioxidant that helps to protect the eggs and sperm from free radicals. Free radicals can cause chromosomal damage which is known to be a cause of miscarriages and birth defects. Selenium is also necessary for the creation of sperm. In studies men with low sperm counts have also been found to have low levels of selenium. Food sources: Liver, snapper, cod, halibut, tuna, salmon, sardines, shrimp, crimini mushrooms, and turkey.
Zinc: In women, zinc works with more than 300 different enzymes in the body. Without it, your cells can not divide properly; your estrogen and progesterone levels can get out of balance and your reproductive system may not be fully functioning. According to The Centers for Disease Control’s Assisted Reproductive Technology Report, low levels of zinc have been directly linked to miscarriage in early stages of pregnancy. In men, zinc is considered one of the most important trace minerals for male fertility. Increasing zinc levels in infertile men has been shown to boost sperm levels; improve the form, function and quality of male sperm and decrease male infertility. Food sources: Calf liver, oysters, beef, lamb, venison, sesame seeds, pumpkin seeds, yogurt, turkey, green peas, shrimp. Zinc can be damaged by cooking so it is important to eat some foods high in zinc in their raw forms.
Essential Fatty Acids: Omega-3 acids have been shown to help fertility by helping to regulate hormones in the body, increase cervical mucous, promote ovulation and overall improve the quality of the uterus by increasing the blood flow to the reproductive organs. Omega-3 fats also contain two acids that are crucial to good health: DHA and EPA. Low levels of DHA have been linked to depression and other mental health issues. During pregnancy, a lack of DHA may be associated with premature birth, low birth weight and hyperactivity in children. Food sources: Flax seeds, walnuts, salmon, sardines, halibut, shrimp, snapper, scallops, and chia seed.
Important Foods Specifically for Fertility
Take a look at the foods mentioned below and you will begin to notice that all of these foods are nutrient dense, meaning they pack a lot of nutrition per serving. These are foods to really focus on in your own fertility diet:
Eggs (Vitamin D, B12, Protein): Make sure to find eggs which are farm fresh and have deep orange/yellow yolks. They are worth the extra cost as they provide much more nutrients and are cleaner than the general factory farmed egg. Some of the best places to find quality eggs are at the farmer’s market, neighbors or the health food store.
Nuts and Seeds (Omega 3, Zinc, Vitamin E, Protein):
Eat nuts and seeds in their raw form as essential fatty acids and zinc are sensitive to heat and can be destroyed if cooked.
Best for omega 3:
Walnuts – 1/4cup = 2,270mg
Flax seeds – 2 Tbs = 3,510mg
Hemp seeds – 3Tbs = 3,000mg
Chia seeds – 1Tbs = 2,300mg
Flax seeds – 2 Tbs = 3,510mg
Hemp seeds – 3Tbs = 3,000mg
Chia seeds – 1Tbs = 2,300mg
Best for zinc:
Pumpkin – 1/4cup = 2.7mg
Sesame – 1/4cup =2.8mg
Pumpkin – 1/4cup = 2.7mg
Sesame – 1/4cup =2.8mg
Best for vitamin E:
Sunflower Seeds – 1/4cup = 18.10mg
Almonds – 1/4cup = 8.97mg
Sunflower Seeds – 1/4cup = 18.10mg
Almonds – 1/4cup = 8.97mg
Best for iron:
Pumpkin seeds – 1/4cup = 5.16mg
Sesame seeds – 1/4cup = 5.24mg
Pumpkin seeds – 1/4cup = 5.16mg
Sesame seeds – 1/4cup = 5.24mg
Grass-fed meats ( Omega 3, Iron, B12, Protein): Grass-fed meats come from animals which have grazed in grass pasture and eaten fresh grass for most of their life. This meat has less fat and a little bit stronger taste than corn fed meats, but it provides a lot more nutrients because the animals have eaten their natural diet. Grass-fed meats are high in omega 3, have been raised without antibiotics and hormones, and are a great source of protein. Factory raised meats are higher in omega 6 (we already get too much of this) and have been raised on GMO corn which fattens them up, but is not their natural diet (GMO foods have been linked to infertility). They are also are fed hormones and antibiotics regularly which can impact your hormonal balance and immune system.Like red meat, conventionally raised chicken is full of antibiotics and hormones which can have negative effects on hormonal health. When shopping for chicken, look for the words “cage free”, “free range”, or “organic” on the label. Ideally, purchasing your chicken from a local farm with free-range practices is best.
Dark leafy Vegetables (Iron, Folic acid, B6, Vitamin E): Dark leafy vegetables are packed with minerals, antioxidants and vitamins essential to healthy fertility. Examples of dark leafy green vegetables are spinach, Swiss chard, kale, and collards.
Fruit (Vitamin C, Flavanoids, Variety of antioxidants): Fruits are the foods highest in antioxidants per serving. Some of the fruits highest in antioxidants are prunes, pomegranates, raisins, goji berries, blueberries and strawberries. Remember that antioxidants are heat sensitive, so to get their benefit eat your fruit fresh, ripe and raw.
Vegetables (B6, Vitamin C): The color of a vegetable will tell you what nutrients and benefits it will provide for your body. For instance, vegetables that are red or green in color are high in vitamin C, while orange vegetables are high in vitamin A, and white vegetables tend to have sulfur. Make sure you are eating a variety of colors daily.
Fish and Shell Fish (Vitamin D, Omega 3, Zinc, Selenium, B12, CoQ10): Fish and shell fish (muscles, clams, etc) are some of the most nutrient dense foods we can eat. Fish provides an abundance of essential fatty acids, vitamin D, zinc, b12, selenium and CoQ10. The fatty acids in fish aid in the production of hormones, reduce inflammation, and help regulate the menstrual cycle. Fish is also a great source of protein and vitamin A. Avoid large deep water fish such as ahi tuna, swordfish, and Chilean sea bass due to there potential concentrations of mercury, and focus on cold water fish such as wild Alaskan salmon, cod, and Alaskan halibut. Also when choosing salmon, avoid north Atlantic farmed salmon and choose wild salmon instead. Farmed salmon contains antibiotics and toxic food dyes.
Liver (Vitamin D, Zinc, Selenium, Iron, Folic Acid, B12, CoQ10): Liver is one of the most prized nutrient dense foods available. Liver is very high in vitamin D, zinc, iron, folic acid and B12. Just 4oz has over 200% of your daily Folic acid needs. One way that you can make liver tasty it to make pate’ with chicken liver and enjoy 1-2x a week. Make sure to use liver from grass-fed/free-range animals only.
Lentils and other beans (Iron, Folic Acid): Lentils are the second highest source of iron of all foods and the second highest source of folic acid (just behind calf’s liver). 1 cup of cooked lentils provides 90% of your daily folic acid needs, but garbanzo and pinto beans follow close behind.
Raw or cultured dairy (Vitamin D, B12, Zinc): Raw dairy comes from cows that are grass/pasture fed and do not receive hormones or antibiotics. It has not been pasteurized, so it still has its important enzymes and delicate nutrients intact. Pasteurization, or heat treatment, is used to kill pathogens in milk. Unfortunately, it also destroys a host of nutrients. Clean raw milk from a healthy cow, carefully handled by a conscientious farmer, is safe. Many states do not sell raw milk at the store. If you live in one of those states, you can get raw milk straight from the farmer or you can culture your organic, pasteurized milk you buy from the store to help improve its nutritional profile and digestibility. Many people that are unable to tolerate pasteurized milk, are able to drink raw milk with no problem whatsoever. There are some instances where milk should be avoided; instances where there is stagnation in the body like with endometriosis or if you have an allergy to it. In cases of congesting fertility issues such as PCOS and Endometriosis, they may aggravate the imbalance. Observe how your body does with it. Avoid conventional dairy, as it contains added hormones and antibiotics which can contribute to increased estrogen levels in the body.
What about grains? When it comes to grains, this is an area where I suggest you experiment to find what works for you. There have been links to infertility in those who have gluten intolerance, as well as a possible link to immunological infertility and grains. In some, grains will be a non-issue, but if you have made many changes, yet have not seen results, this may be an area for you to look into. Grains and pseudo-grains that are gluten-free (amaranth, rice, quinoa, buckwheat, millet, etc.) are a great option and tend to be more nutrient dense than the general grains we are used to eating.
Foods to Avoid
Just as there are foods to focus on to support your fertility, there are also some foods to avoid:
Just as there are foods to focus on to support your fertility, there are also some foods to avoid:
Soy: Soy foods have been shown to contain estrogen mimicking properties. It is best to avoid processed soy foods such as soy milk, soy burgers, soy protein powder, soy chips, soy meats, and soy cheeses to avoid a negative impact on your hormonal balance. Both men and women are affected by soy. A small amount of fermented soy, such as miso or tempeh can be included in your diet, but if you have hypothyroidism avoid soy completely.
Refined Sugars & Pasteurized Juices :Pasteurized juices such as bottled apple juice, orange juice, and other bottled fruit juices contain concentrated sugar, which can throw off your blood sugar levels and negatively effect your immune system. Also avoid any processed/refined and artificial sugars. Some great alternatives are stevia, honey, and maple syrup.
Caffeine: Studies have shown that caffeine can affect your hormonal balance, increase your chances of a miscarriage and prevent you from ovulating. Aim to limit your intake to no more than 200 mg per day.
Caffeine: Studies have shown that caffeine can affect your hormonal balance, increase your chances of a miscarriage and prevent you from ovulating. Aim to limit your intake to no more than 200 mg per day.
GMO Foods: Genetically Modified foods are becoming a real problem when it comes to fertility, causing an influx in worldwide infertility rates. Since the 1970’s alone, sperm counts among the world’s male population have declined as much as 40-50%, according to some studies. GMO foods may be one of the reasons.
Fat-Free Foods: Foods which are altered to be reduced in fat or fat-free are highly processed and high in sugar. When choosing foods, always choose the foods as nature intended. Full fat dairy is one example that was shown in a study by Harvard to increase fertility over the fat-reduced options. Again, fat is what our bodies need to produce hormones.
Where to Start
When I began taking a look at foods traditionally used to support fertility, it was an easy transition to incorporate them into my daily diet (if you don't count the limiting caffeine part - I still miss my morning coffee!). If the fertility diet looks radically different from what you are currently eating, my advice is to start slow. Eating conventional meat, eggs and dairy? Switch to organic, grass fed and pastured. Not eating organic produce? It's a small change that will make a huge difference in your overall health. Start there and as your new way of eating begins to feel second nature, start incorporating more of the suggested foods into your own fertility diet.





